Facilities built in areas affected by earthquake activity, such as tunnels, which have always been an integral part of human life, must withstAND both DYNAMIC AND STATIC loading. It has led to the need for practical studies on the effects of earthquakes on underground structures AND the factors affecting their destruction. For this purpose, in this research, at first different patterns of tunnel’s excavation were investigated AND by using Plaxis 2D software AND based on Tabas earthquake in Iran, sensitivity ANALYSIS on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel such as cohesion, friction angle, unit weight AND modulus of elasticity was carried out, AND the parameters whose changes have the greatest AND least effects on the bending moment changes on the tunnel lining are introduced. The results show that tunnel excavation patterns significantly affect the bending moment, axial forces, displacements, AND surface settlement of the tunnel. Often, by dividing tunnel excavation area to small parts, the values of bending moment, axial forces, displacements, AND surface settlement of the tunnel decreases in STATIC ANALYSIS. Also, outputs of sensitivity ANALYSIS on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel showed that modulus of elasticity of the soil surrounding tunnel has the most effect AND cohesion changes have the least effect on bending moment induced on tunnel lining..

Introduction: Ethical leadership is leadership focused on appropriate behavior through respect for ethics AND values, as well as the rights AND dignity of others. Ethical leadership can add value to businesses by motivating employees AND fulfilling company values. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between ethical leadership AND cooperative social responsibility AND the moral climate of the organization. Material & Methods: The current research is applied in terms of purpose AND descriptive AND correlational in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research included all employees of Management AND Science University (MSU) in Malaysia. Among them, 200 people were selected as the research sample using a simple rANDom sampling method. A stANDard questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling method. Results: The results of statistical ANALYSIS showed that ethical leadership has a direct AND positive effect on cooperative social responsibility AND ethical climate. Also, moral climate has a direct AND positive effect on cooperative social responsibility. At the same time, ethical leadership has an indirect AND positive effect on cooperative social responsibility through the mediation of ethical climate. Conclusion: Ethical leadership can affect their social responsibility by inspiring employees to motivate AND align with the company's values. The results of this research showed that ethical leadership leads to greater employee satisfaction AND collaborative responsibility AND leads to the formation of an ethical atmosphere in the organization

Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research AND innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security AND examine its relationship with patents AND Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database AND GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, AND the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication AND citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, AND food production index compared to Iran, Japan, AND South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population AND the number of papers, gross production AND the number of papers, food production AND the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents AND papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, AND food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, AND innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, AND innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, AND ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understANDing of competition policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental AND normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision AND regulation determines how the market functions AND in order to understAND this difference one must understAND competition policy. Competition policy may be based on governmental support for national production AND industry or on a non-interventional AND regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition policy, its related requirements AND imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity AND clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran AND the U.S.A. This form of Competition policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.

In this paper, the vertical displacement of a non-homogenous embankment dam is investigated AND evaluated in both STATIC AND DYNAMIC states using FLAC software. In this regard, initially, the results obtained from this software are validated against the results of conventional methods. Subsequently, using FLAC software AND 100 selected models, the impact of important dam parameters such as crest AND core height on the vertical displacement of the dam is studied under various conditions in both STATIC AND DYNAMIC states. The data ANALYSIS approach in this work involves considering a parameter as a witness. The witness parameter remains constant, AND assuming that it does not participate in the ANALYSIS, one effective parameter AND one criterion parameter are chosen for discussion AND examination. For example, if the dam base is chosen as the witness parameter, AND its value is intended to be 165 meters, the results have shown that an increase in the height of the earth dam leads to an increase in vertical displacements under STATIC AND DYNAMIC loadings.

The proper AND sustainable performance of any electrical system is mainly related to the designers' insight into the nature of that system. Therefore, the need to provide an accurate model based on the actual behavior of the system has considerable importance. In the case of inverter-based microgrid, due to the lack of sufficient synchronizing torque, the design process must be carried out with the utmost precision. In this paper, the stability of the inverter-based microgrid will be studied. First by presenting the equations of the microgrid components its state-space model is obtained AND in the presence of the STATIC load model the stability of the system will be investigated. Then, by placing the inventory of DYNAMIC exponential recovery AND STATIC polynomial load models, the results of the STATIC model-based design are investigated. In this study, the measure of system stability will be eigenvalue plots AND system performance. In order to achieve system stability AND performance improvement, the state variables participation factors extracted AND the effective parameters will be studied.

In this research, based on nonlocal elasticity theory, STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS of an elastic homogeneous nanotube conveying fluid with clamped - clamped boundary conditions is investigated.The nanotube is under electroSTATIC actuation AND magnetic field with considering the surface effects, mechanical AND thermal force. Transverse displacement of the nanotube consists of two parts STATIC AND DYNAMIC displacement. In this study, the STATIC displacement is calculated by using the weighted residual method AND instability AND vibration frequency is analyzed by applying the generalized differential quadrature method. By applying a voltage greater than the critical value (called Pull-in voltage) the nanotube may undergo instability. In this investigation, the effect of various parameters such as velocity of fluid, length scale parameter, magnetic field, electroSTATICally voltage, effects of surface layer AND thermal loading on the STATIC displacements, natural frequency AND Pull - in voltage of the nanotubes conveying fluid has been studied. Finally, the validity of the results by comparing them with the results of the numerical methods in previous research is investigated, in which there is very good agreement between the results of the present work AND previous studies. The results show that the length scale parameter is significant parameter in the system's Pull - in voltage AND its increasing lead to decreasing the Pull-in voltage. Also, it is shown that the dimensionless frequency AND the STATIC displacements, respectively, is decreased AND increased with increases in the applied voltage.

Purpose: The flourishing of political parties AND currents is one of the signs of the degree of development in societies. In contemporary Iran AND since the formation of the constitutional movement, political currents have gone through many ups AND downs AND it can be said that political currents in Iran after the Islamic Revolution have not yet reached the stage of institutionalization AND stability. A characteristic feature of political currents in Iran is the divergence AND division among political currents in recent decades, AND this can be one of the reasons for the instability AND cross-sectional AND seasonal activity of political parties in Iran. Therefore, the necessity of leading research seeks to answer the question of how factors AND divergence among political currents in Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution can be analyzed? AND what are the scenarios for the advancement of political currents in Iran?Method: To answer this question, the method of causal-layer ANALYSIS, which is one of the qualitative methods in futures research, has been used.Findings: The research findings indicate that this divergence is due to a wide range of reasons from the level of causal systems (from the institutionalization of power to the formation of parties as elitist initiatives), worldview AND discourse (from charismatic political authority to culture). Subsidiary-follower politics to myth-metaphor (Iranian individualism to belief in a strong state-weak society) can be analyzed.Conclusions: Three scenarios for the future of Iranian political currents can be considered: integration of currents as the security valve of the political system, the collapse of political currents in the traditional form, integration AND consolidation in new social movements (virtualized parties).